Gauge Invariance of Non-Abelian Field Strength Correlators: the Axial Gauge Puzzle

We have taken a step forward in the study of the properties of quarks and gluons, the particles that make up atomic nuclei, by resolving a long-standing issue with a theoretical calculation in axial gauge. IQuS and MIT researchers found that previous calculations had mistakenly suggested two properties of quark-gluon plasma were identical. We also made a prediction about gluon distribution measurements that could be tested in future experiments at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC).

by Bruno Scheihing-Hitschfeld and Xiaojun Yao

DOE Office of Science Highlight

Gauge Invariance of Non-Abelian Field Strength Correlators: the Axial Gauge Puzzle

Randomized measurement protocols for lattice gauge theories

Randomized measurement protocols, including classical shadows, entanglement tomography, and randomized benchmarking are powerful techniques to estimate observables, perform state tomography, or extract the entanglement properties of quantum states. Quantum systems in nature are often tightly constrained by symmetries. This can be leveraged by the symmetry-conscious randomized measurement schemes, yielding clear advantages over symmetry-blind randomization such as reducing measurement costs, enabling symmetry-based error mitigation in experiments, allowing differentiated measurement of (lattice) gauge theory entanglement structure, and, potentially, the verification of topologically ordered states in existing and near-term experiments.

by Jacob Bringewatt, Jonathan Kunjummen, Niklas Mueller

IQuS Publications

IQuS Workshop: Next-Generation Computing for Low-Energy Nuclear Physics: from Machine Learning to Quantum Computing

Organizers: Zohreh Davoudi (U. of Maryland), Ubirajara van Kolck (U. of Arizona and Université Paris-Saclay), Silas Beane (UW), and Maria Piarulli (Washington U.)

Administation: Katie Hennessey

Both lattice QCD and ab initio many-body methods generally require beyond-exascale classical computation, and are expected to be facilitated by machine learning and quantum computing techniques. Ideas in quantum information science , such as the role of entanglement in nuclear processes, can impact our understanding of nuclear phenomena.

Scalable quantum circuits are used to prepare the vacuum of the Schwinger model on 100 qubits of IBM's superconducting-qubit quantum computers

The vacuum of the lattice Schwinger model is prepared on up to 100 qubits of IBM’s Eagle-processor quantum computers. A new algorithm to prepare the ground state of a gapped translationally- invariant system on a quantum computer is presented, which we call Scalable Circuits ADAPT- VQE (SC-ADAPT-VQE). This algorithm uses the exponential decay of correlations between distant regions of the ground state, together with ADAPT-VQE, to construct quantum circuits for state preparation that can be scaled to arbitrarily large systems.

by Roland Farrell, Marc Illa, Anthony Ciavarella and Martin Savage

A joint IQuS-QSC project

Scalable Circuits for Preparing Ground States on Digital Quantum Computers: The Schwinger Model Vacuum on 100 Qubits

Qu8its for Quantum Simulations of Lattice QCD

We explore the utility of d=8 qudits, qu8its, for quantum simulations of the dynamics of 1+1D SU(3) lattice quantum chromodynamics, including a mapping for arbitrary numbers of flavors and lattice size and a re-organization of the Hamiltonian for efficient time-evolution. Recent advances in parallel gate applications, along with the shorter application times of single-qudit operations compared with two-qudit operations, lead to significant projected advantages in quantum simulation fidelities and circuit depths using qu8its rather than qubits. The number of two-qudit entangling gates required for time evolution using qu8its is found to be more than a factor of five fewer than for qubits. We anticipate that the developments presented in this work will enable improved quantum simulations to be performed using emerging quantum hardware.

by Caroline Robin, Marc Illa and Martin Savage

A joint IQuS-QSC project

Qu8its for Quantum Simulations of Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics

IQuS Workshop 2023: Thermalization, from Cold Atoms to Hot Quantum Chromodynamics

Organizers: Alexey Gorshkov ( NIST, QuICS, JQI, U. of Maryland), Niklas Mueller (IQuS), Raju Venugopalan (BNL, C2QA) and Nicole Yunger Halpern (NIST, QuICS, JQI, IPST,U. of Maryland)

Administation: Katie Hennessey

Quantum computation and simulation promise rapid advances in understanding quantum thermalization, a challenging topic driving many fields. This workshop initiated an interdisciplinary conversation between researchers from high energy and nuclear physics, ultra-cold atomic and molecular gases, condensed matter physics and quantum information science. Its goal was to overcome challenges by exchanging ideas and concepts, as well as developing tools such as lattice gauge theory, aimed at phenomena surrounding quantum thermalization and open quantum systems, from a theoretical and experimental perspective. It covered interdisciplinary aspects of topics such as Eigenstate Thermalization, Universality, Entanglement Structure and Tomography, Hydrodynamization, and Quantum Thermodynamics.

Thermalization, from Cold Atoms to Hot Quantum Chromodynamics

Real-time Dynamics of the Schwinger Model as an Open Quantum System with Neural Density Operators

Ab-initio simulations of multiple heavy quarks propagating in a Quark-Gluon Plasma are computationally difficult to perform due to the large dimension of the space of density matrices. This work develops machine learning algorithms to overcome this difficulty by approximating exact quantum states with neural network parametrizations, specifically Neural Density Operators.The approach is applied to solve the Lindblad master equation in the 1+1D lattice Schwinger Model as an open quantum system. Neural Density Operators enable the study of in-medium dynamics on large lattice volumes, where multiple-string interactions and their effects on string-breaking and recombination phenomena can be studied. Thermal properties of the system at equilibrium can also be probed with these methods. Scaling of this approach with system size is studied, and numerical demonstrations on up to 32 spatial lattice sites and with up to 3 interacting strings are performed.

by Joshua Lin, Di Luo, Xiaojun Yao and Phiala Shanahan

Real-time Dynamics of the Schwinger Model as an Open Quantum System with Neural Density Operators

Classical and Quantum Computing of Shear Viscosity for 2+1D SU(2) Gauge Theory

We perform a nonperturbative calculation of the shear viscosity for 2+1-dimensional SU(2) gauge theory by using the lattice Hamiltonian formulation. The retarded Green’s function of the stress-energy tensor is calculated from real time evolution. We find the ratio of the shear viscosity and the entropy density eta/s is consistent with the holographic result 1/(4 pi) at several temperatures on a 4×4 hexagonal lattice with the local electric representation truncated at j_max=1/2. We also find the ratio of the spectral function and frequency rho^(xy)(omega)/omega exhibits a peak structure when the frequency is small. We develop a quantum computing method to calculate the Green’s function and analyze systematics of the calculation. We test our quantum circuit on both the Quantinuum emulator and the IBM simulator for a small lattice and obtain results consistent with the classical computing ones.

by Francesco Turro, Anthony Ciavarella and Xiaojun Yao

Editors Highlight

Classical and Quantum Computing of Shear Viscosity for 2+1D SU(2) Gauge Theory

Demonstration of a quantum-classical coprocessing protocol for simulating nuclear reactions

Quantum computers hold great promise for arriving at exact simulations of nuclear dynamical processes that are paramount to the study of nuclear matter at the limit of stability and to explaining the formation of chemical elements in stars. We propose a co-processing algorithm for the simulation of real-time dynamics in which the time evolution of the spatial coordinates is carried out on a classical processor, while the evolution of the spin degrees of freedom is carried out on a quantum processor. This hybrid algorithm is demonstrated in a quantum simulation of the scattering of two neutrons performed on the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s Advanced Quantum Testbed. After implementation of error mitigation strategies, this initial demonstration validates the principle of the proposed co-processing scheme.

by
Francesco Turro, T. Chistolini, A. Hashim, Y. Kim, W. Livingston, J. M. Kreikebaum, K. A. Wendt, J. L. Dubois, F. Pederiva, S. Quaglioni, D. I. Santiago, and I. Siddiqi

DOE Office of Science Highlight

Demonstration of a quantum-classical coprocessing protocol for simulating nuclear reactions

Quantum Magic and Multi-Partite Entanglement in the Structure of Nuclei

Motivated by the Gottesman-Knill theorem, we present a detailed study of the quantum complexity of p-shell and sd-shell nuclei. Significant multi-nucleon entanglement is found in the sd-shell, dominated by proton neutron configurations, along with significant measures of magic. This is evident not only for the deformed states, but also for nuclei on the path to instability via regions of shape coexistence and level inversion. These results indicate that quantum-computing resources will accelerate precision simulations of such nuclei and beyond.

by Florian Brokemeier, Momme Hengstenberg, James Keeble, Caroline Robin, Federico Rocco, Martin Savage

Quantum Magic and Multi-Partite Entanglement in the Structure of Nuclei

IQuS Workshop 2023: Entanglement in Many-Body Systems: From Nuclei to Quantum Computers and Back

Organizers: Mari Carmen Banuls (Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Munich, Germany), Susan Coppersmith (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia), Calvin Johnson (San Diego State University, California, USA) and Caroline Robin (Bielefeld University, Germany).

Administation: Katie Hennessey

This workshop centered around the topic of entanglement in many-body systems relevant for and connected to NP. The goal was to advance exchanges of ideas and techniques between NP and other fields of many-body physics such as condensed matter, quantum chemistry or quantum field theories. The knowledge acquired in these fields can guide progress in the development of entanglement-driven methods for classical and quantum simulations of nuclei, and in the identification of experiments probing entanglement in nuclear systems. Vice versa, specificities of many-body NP techniques can potentially be useful for other fields, and QIS in general. The workshop will explore these different aspects.

Entanglement in Many-Body Systems: From Nuclei to Quantum Computers and Back

InQubator for Quantum Simulation

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Gauge Invariance of Non-Abelian Field Strength Correlators: the Axial Gauge Puzzle

Randomized measurement protocols for lattice gauge theories

IQuS Workshop: Next-Generation Computing for Low-Energy Nuclear Physics: from Machine Learning to Quantum Computing

Scalable quantum circuits are used to prepare the vacuum of the Schwinger model on 100 qubits of IBM's superconducting-qubit quantum computers

Qu8its for Quantum Simulations of Lattice QCD

IQuS Workshop 2023: Thermalization, from Cold Atoms to Hot Quantum Chromodynamics

Real-time Dynamics of the Schwinger Model as an Open Quantum System with Neural Density Operators

Classical and Quantum Computing of Shear Viscosity for 2+1D SU(2) Gauge Theory

Demonstration of a quantum-classical coprocessing protocol for simulating nuclear reactions

Quantum Magic and Multi-Partite Entanglement in the Structure of Nuclei

IQuS Workshop 2023: Entanglement in Many-Body Systems: From Nuclei to Quantum Computers and Back

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