Organizers:  Elisa Baumer (IBM, Zurich, Switzerland), Francesco Pederiva (University of Trento, Italy), Sofia Quaglioni (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California, USA), Federica Surace (Caltech, Pasadena, USA) and Xiaojun Yao (IQuS, University of Washington, Seattle, USA).

The rapid development of quantum algorithms and quantum hardware has enabled quantum simulations of large 1D systems. Such a large system calculation has enabled physics extraction for simple cases. Based on this and other similar success stories, in this workshop we would like to critically review this progress and the QIS technology development that has made this possible and also explore what interesting physics calculations can be done and what observables should be extracted in the near future. Furthermore, for the ultimate breakthroughs in fundamental physics, we would like to discuss how to utilize and generalize these developments for 2D and 3D systems. One of the aims is to provide some criteria that can help to establish what is the significance of the research work in terms of progress towards a practical use of quantum computing for solving fundamental physics problems.

From a different perspective, phenomenological studies of particle physics experiments often involve the factorization into a perturbatively calculable part and a nonperturbative object, the latter of which is usually very hard to compute via the Euclidean lattice approach, due to the sign problem in calculating real-time observables such as fragmentation functions and transport coefficients. Furthermore, in the heavy-ion collision experiments, how the system of two colliding nuclei thermalizes rapidly is a long-standing question, if it thermalizes at all. Quantum simulation seems the only first-principle method to provide a solid answer to this question. Needless to mention the question of how hadronization happens in high- energy collision experiments. Another subject that interests both QIS and fundamental physics communities is the open quantum system framework, which not only has been widely used in quantum optics and underlies quantum error correction, but also has been recently used in phenomenology of quarkonium production in heavy ion collisions. More examples of potential common interest include topological terms in lattice models and field theories, as well as optimizing nuclear structure calculation from the perspective of quantum complexity.

We will explore how QIS developments can help us solve these hard problems in fundamental physics and how these solutions can benefit the QIS field. Three aspects tof this will be the focus  of the workshop:

1. Recent developments of quantum algorithms and quantum hardware. These include advancements of various quantum hardware platforms, random circuits and measurements; dynamical circuits; signal post-processing, error mitigation and quantum complexity analysis.

2. Applications in fundamental physics. These cover simulations of various lattice models and gauge theories with applications including calculations of PDF and fragmentation; collision of wave packets; entanglement structure of gauge theories and magic; thermalization, hydrodynamics and transport coefficients; jet production in vacuum and quenching in medium; energy-energy correlators.

3. Connections with QIS. These include the exploration of using local gauge symmetries to develop quantum error correction codes for quantum simulation of gauge theories; how to organize a Hamiltonian calculation from the perspective of quantum complexity; core-halo entanglement structure in scalar field theory vacuum and its potential application in trapped ion hardware; the usage of open quantum systems in preparing thermal states on quantum computers.