The Nobel Prize in Physics 2025 was awarded jointly to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret and John M. Martinis “for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit”

Their contributions led to the present-day quantum computers of IBM and Rigetti, along with those under development at national laboratories and universities. It was the IBM quantum computers that became available around 2016 that led to quantum computing and simulation becoming a research direction in fundamental physics.

John Martinis was a panelist on an INT/IQuS panel discussion “The Coming Decade of Quantum Simulation”, which can be found at https://iqus.uw.edu/events/rt-comingdecade2020/ .